Microbiome has become a hot topic in gastroenterology. Professor Scaldaferri (Rome, Italy) speaks about the importance of fecal tranplantation in treating inflammatory bowel disease. Alteration of microbiota is strictly connected to inflammatory bowel disease. Today there seem to be evidences of the potential role of the fecal microbiota transplantation to induce remission in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis.